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This volume is the first of its kind to offer a detailed, monographic treatment of Semitic genealogical classification. The introduction describes the author's methodological framework and surveys the history of the subgrouping discussion in Semitic linguistics, and the first chapter provides a detailed description of the proto-Semitic basic vocabulary. Each of its seven main chapters deals with one of the key issues of the Semitic subgrouping debate: the East/West dichotomy, the Central Semitic hypothesis, the North West Semitic subgroup, the Canaanite affiliation of Ugaritic, the historical unity of Aramaic, and the diagnostic features of Ethiopian Semitic and of Modern South Arabian. The book aims at a balanced account of all evidence pertinent to the subgrouping discussion, but its main focus is on the diagnostic lexical features, heavily neglected in the majority of earlier studies dealing with this subject. The author tries to assess the subgrouping potential of the vocabulary using various methods of its diachronic stratification. The hundreds of etymological comparisons given throughout the book can be conveniently accessed through detailed lexical indices.

Semitic languages --- History. --- Classification. --- Langues sémitiques --- Classification --- Histoire --- Afroasiatic languages

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The notion of 'natural kinds' has been central to contemporary discussions of metaphysics and philosophy of science. Although explicitly articulated by nineteenth-century philosophers like Mill, Whewell and Venn, it has a much older history dating back to Plato and Aristotle. In recent years, essentialism has been the dominant account of natural kinds among philosophers, but the essentialist view has encountered resistance, especially among naturalist metaphysicians and philosophers of science. Informed by detailed examination of classification in the natural and social sciences, this book argues against essentialism and for a naturalist account of natural kinds. By looking at case studies drawn from diverse scientific disciplines, from fluid mechanics to virology and polymer science to psychiatry, the author argues that natural kinds are nodes in causal networks. On the basis of this account, he maintains that there can be natural kinds in the social sciences as well as the natural sciences.

Metaphysics --- Philosophy of science --- Categories (Philosophy) --- Classification. --- Knowledge, Classification of --- Information organization --- Predicaments (Categories) --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Logic --- Ontology --- Predicate (Logic) --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy

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This volume explores the complexity, diversity and interwoven nature of taxonomic pursuits within the context of explorations of humans and related species. It also pays tribute to Professor Colin Groves, whose work has had an enormous impact on this field.

Biology -- Classification. --- Biology --- Behavior, Animal --- Conservation of Natural Resources --- Biological Evolution --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Genetic Processes --- Environment --- Behavior --- Biological Processes --- Biological Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Environment and Public Health --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Genetic Phenomena --- Health Care --- Phenomena and Processes --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Ecology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Biosystematics --- Organisms --- Systematic biology --- Systematics (Biology) --- Taxonomy (Biology) --- Taxonomists --- Animals --- Taxonomy. --- Animal kingdom --- Beasts --- Fauna --- Native animals --- Native fauna --- Wild animals --- Wildlife --- Human-animal relationships --- Zoology --- Animal classification --- Animal systematics --- Animal taxonomy --- Classification --- Systematic zoology --- Systematics (Zoology) --- Taxonomy, Animal --- Zoological classification --- Zoological systematics --- Zoological taxonomy

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Learning-Based Local Visual Representation and Indexing , reviews the state-of-the-art in visual content representation and indexing, introduces cutting-edge techniques in learning based visual representation, and discusses emerging topics in visual local representation, and introduces the most recent advances in content-based visual search techniques. Discusses state-of-the-art procedures in learning-based local visual representation. Shows how to master the basic techniques needed for building a large-scale visual search engine and indexing system Provides insight into how machine learning techniques can be leveraged to refine the visual recognition system, especially in the part of visual feature representation.

Database management. --- Digital preservation. --- Indexing. --- Visual communication. --- Computer vision --- Pattern recognition systems --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Applied Physics --- Computer vision. --- Pattern recognition systems. --- Pattern classification systems --- Pattern recognition computers --- Pattern perception --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing

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Between the early seventeenth and the mid-nineteenth century, the field of natural history in Japan separated itself from the discipline of medicine, produced knowledge that questioned the traditional religious and philosophical understandings of the world, developed into a system (called honzogaku) that rivaled Western science in complexity-and then seemingly disappeared. Or did it? In The Knowledge of Nature and the Nature of Knowledge in Early Modern Japan, Federico Marcon recounts how Japanese scholars developed a sophisticated discipline of natural history analogous to Europe's but created independently, without direct influence, and argues convincingly that Japanese natural history succumbed to Western science not because of suppression and substitution, as scholars traditionally have contended, but by adaptation and transformation. The first book-length English-language study devoted to the important field of honzogaku, The Knowledge of Nature and the Nature of Knowledge in Early Modern Japan will be an essential text for historians of Japanese and East Asian science, and a fascinating read for anyone interested in the development of science in the early modern era.

Nature study --- Science --- History. --- Japan --- History --- natural history, medicine, japan, knowledge, nature, science, honzogaku, adaptation, transformation, east asia, tokugawa period, westernization, ecosystems, commodity culture, professionalization, scholarship, environmentalism, environment, philosophy, politics, nonfiction, classification, scientific investigation, biology.